A structured doc, typically in spreadsheet format, facilitates figuring out the overall energy demand of a industrial constructing. This includes systematically itemizing all electrical tools, their respective energy necessities, and anticipated utilization patterns. For example, a eating places doc would come with ovens, refrigeration models, lighting, point-of-sale methods, and HVAC tools, together with their wattage and anticipated working hours. This methodical strategy creates a complete stock of vitality consumption.
Correct evaluation of energy wants is essential for a number of causes. It ensures {the electrical} system is sufficiently sized to deal with the anticipated load, stopping overloads and potential hazards. This meticulous course of informs choices relating to service entrance capability, wire sizing, and circuit breaker choice. Moreover, it performs a significant function in optimizing vitality effectivity and minimizing operational prices. Traditionally, these assessments had been carried out manually, however the introduction of digital instruments has streamlined the method, permitting for higher precision and effectivity. Correct evaluation safeguards towards expensive upgrades or system failures down the road and contributes to sustainable vitality practices.
This foundational understanding of energy demand evaluation serves as an important start line for exploring associated matters reminiscent of electrical system design, vitality code compliance, and cost-effective vitality administration methods inside industrial settings. Additional investigation into these areas will present a complete overview of the complexities and finest practices in industrial electrical methods.
1. Tools Stock
A complete tools stock varieties the cornerstone of an correct industrial electrical load calculation. This stock meticulously catalogs each electrical machine throughout the constructing, starting from massive equipment and HVAC methods to lighting and receptacle shops. Every merchandise’s inclusion ensures all power-consuming elements contribute to the overall calculated load. And not using a full stock, the ensuing calculation dangers underestimation, resulting in potential system overloads and security hazards. For instance, omitting a big refrigeration unit in a restaurant’s calculation may end in an undersized electrical service, incapable of dealing with the precise load when the unit is operational. This underscores the direct causal relationship between a radical tools stock and the accuracy of the load calculation.
The tools stock’s significance extends past merely itemizing units. It necessitates gathering particular knowledge for every merchandise, together with its voltage, amperage, wattage, and anticipated working hours. This detailed info interprets instantly into calculated energy calls for. For example, a producing facilitys stock would element the specs of every motor, conveyor belt, and management system, enabling exact load calculations for particular person circuits and the general system. This granular strategy facilitates knowledgeable choices relating to wire sizing, circuit breaker choice, and general system capability. Furthermore, correct tools knowledge permits for future growth planning, making certain {the electrical} system can accommodate new tools with out compromising security or effectivity.
In abstract, the tools stock’s function in a industrial electrical load calculation is key. Its comprehensiveness instantly impacts the accuracy of the calculation, influencing essential design choices and making certain long-term system viability. Overlooking or underestimating the element required on this stock can result in important security dangers and dear system modifications sooner or later. Subsequently, meticulous consideration to element throughout this preliminary stage is crucial for strong and compliant electrical system design.
2. Energy Necessities (Watts)
Energy necessities, expressed in watts, signify the vitality consumption price of every electrical machine. Inside a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet, these values are essential for figuring out the general electrical demand. This understanding of particular person machine energy consumption instantly influences the sizing {of electrical} service, circuits, and protecting units. A direct correlation exists between wattage values and the capability necessities of {the electrical} system. For example, a constructing with quite a few high-wattage home equipment, reminiscent of industrial ovens or massive HVAC models, will necessitate a considerably increased service capability than a constructing primarily using low-wattage units like computer systems and LED lighting. Precisely figuring out wattage for each bit of kit is paramount for a secure and practical electrical system. Underestimating these values can result in overloaded circuits, posing hearth hazards and jeopardizing tools performance. Conversely, overestimating could end in unnecessarily massive and dear electrical infrastructure.
The sensible significance of precisely capturing energy necessities turns into evident in real-world situations. Take into account a industrial kitchen: precisely figuring out the wattage of ovens, ranges, dishwashers, and refrigeration models is crucial for specifying acceptable wiring and circuit breakers. Failure to take action may end in tripped breakers throughout peak operational hours, disrupting service and probably inflicting meals spoilage. Equally, in an workplace setting, understanding the facility necessities of computer systems, printers, and servers informs the design of particular person workstation circuits, making certain dependable energy supply and stopping tools injury because of energy fluctuations. In each circumstances, correct wattage knowledge contributes to a secure, dependable, and environment friendly electrical system, minimizing disruptions and making certain enterprise continuity.
Correct energy necessities are indispensable for a strong industrial electrical load calculation. They kind the premise for knowledgeable choices relating to system capability, circuit design, and protecting machine choice. Challenges come up when coping with tools with variable energy consumption, reminiscent of motors with various masses or tools with completely different working modes. Addressing these challenges typically necessitates consulting producer specs and using acceptable demand elements to account for life like utilization patterns. In the end, exact willpower of energy necessities ensures {the electrical} system meets the calls for of the constructing, selling security, effectivity, and long-term operational reliability. This instantly ties into broader issues of vitality effectivity and sustainable constructing practices.
3. Utilization Elements
Utilization elements, throughout the context of a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet, signify the anticipated proportion of time {an electrical} machine operates at its full energy score. These elements, expressed as a decimal between 0 and 1, acknowledge that not all tools operates repeatedly at most capability. Incorporating utilization elements refines the load calculation, offering a extra life like estimate of precise energy demand. This life like evaluation is essential for optimizing system design, avoiding oversizing, and minimizing pointless bills. A direct relationship exists between utilization elements and the calculated load: a better utilization issue contributes to a better general demand. For example, a always operating fridge in a grocery retailer would have a utilization issue nearer to 1, whereas a financial institution of emergency lights, anticipated to function sometimes, would have a considerably decrease utilization issue. This nuanced strategy ensures {the electrical} system is tailor-made to the precise operational calls for of the constructing.
The sensible implications of understanding and making use of utilization elements are important. Take into account a knowledge middle with quite a few servers: whereas every server has a selected energy score, they could not function at full capability always. Making use of acceptable utilization elements, primarily based on historic knowledge or anticipated workload, permits for a extra correct load calculation. This could stop oversizing the facility distribution system, lowering upfront infrastructure prices and ongoing vitality consumption. Equally, in a producing facility, making use of utilization elements to equipment accounts for idle durations and ranging manufacturing schedules. This refined calculation ensures sufficient energy availability throughout peak operation whereas avoiding pointless funding in outsized electrical tools. These examples illustrate the direct connection between utilization elements and optimized electrical system design.
Correct utilization elements are important for a practical and cost-effective industrial electrical load calculation. Challenges come up in figuring out acceptable utilization elements, significantly for brand new services or tools with unpredictable working patterns. Information evaluation, business benchmarks, and session with tools producers can inform these estimations. Incorporating utilization elements not solely refines the load calculation but additionally contributes to broader targets of vitality effectivity and sustainable design. Precisely estimating operational patterns permits for a right-sized electrical system, minimizing vitality waste and lowering the environmental footprint of economic buildings. The long-term advantages of this strategy lengthen past value financial savings to embody accountable useful resource administration.
4. Demand Elements
Demand elements play an important function in refining the accuracy of economic electrical load calculations. They signify the ratio of the utmost demand of a system to the overall related load. This issue acknowledges that not all electrical tools operates concurrently at its full rated capability. Making use of demand elements prevents overestimating the required electrical service capability, resulting in cost-effective and environment friendly system design. Understanding these elements is crucial for professionals concerned in electrical system planning and design.
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Peak Demand vs. Linked Load
Demand elements handle the distinction between the overall related load (the sum of all tools rankings) and the precise peak demand (the best energy utilization at any given time). For instance, a restaurant could have quite a few home equipment, however they’re unlikely to all function at full energy concurrently. The demand issue accounts for this variety in utilization, leading to a extra life like estimate of the required electrical service. This distinction is essential for optimizing system capability and avoiding pointless bills related to outsized infrastructure.
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Utility in Load Calculations
Demand elements are utilized to particular load teams or all the electrical system. The Nationwide Electrical Code (NEC) gives steering on demand elements for varied occupancy sorts and tools classes. These elements, derived from historic knowledge and statistical evaluation, mirror typical utilization patterns. Making use of these elements to the calculated related load gives a extra correct estimate of the anticipated most demand, making certain {the electrical} system can deal with life like operational situations. Correct software of demand elements is essential for code compliance and system reliability.
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Influence on System Sizing
Demand elements considerably affect the sizing {of electrical} service entrances, transformers, and distribution panels. By lowering the calculated load, they permit the collection of appropriately sized tools, avoiding expensive oversizing. This optimization instantly impacts undertaking budgets and long-term operational effectivity. Precisely making use of demand elements ensures {the electrical} system is neither undersized, risking overloads, nor outsized, resulting in pointless capital expenditure and potential vitality inefficiencies.
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Variability and Issues
Demand elements fluctuate relying on the kind of constructing and its anticipated utilization. Elements for a hospital, with essential life-support tools, differ considerably from these for an workplace constructing. Moreover, particular tools, reminiscent of HVAC methods or industrial equipment, could have distinctive demand elements primarily based on their working traits. Understanding these nuances is essential for correct load calculations and acceptable system design. Consulting related codes and business finest practices is crucial for choosing and making use of the right demand elements for particular tasks.
Precisely making use of demand elements inside a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet is essential for optimizing system design, making certain code compliance, and managing undertaking prices. This nuanced strategy to load calculation displays life like utilization patterns, stopping oversizing and selling environment friendly useful resource utilization. An intensive understanding of demand elements is crucial for all professionals concerned in electrical system design and planning, contributing to the creation of secure, dependable, and cost-effective electrical infrastructure.
5. Lighting Masses
Lighting masses signify a good portion of the overall electrical demand in industrial buildings. Correct calculation of those masses is essential for correct electrical system design and making certain compliance with vitality codes. Inside a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet, lighting masses are meticulously assessed to find out acceptable circuit sizing, panelboard capability, and general service entrance necessities. Understanding the nuances of lighting load calculations is crucial for creating environment friendly and compliant electrical methods.
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Luminaire Wattage and Amount
The wattage of every luminaire (gentle fixture) and the overall variety of luminaires inside an area instantly affect the lighting load calculation. Excessive-wattage fixtures, reminiscent of high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, contribute extra considerably to the load than low-wattage LED fixtures. Precisely accounting for the wattage and amount of every fixture sort is paramount for a exact load calculation. For example, a warehouse with quite a few high-bay HID fixtures may have a considerably increased lighting load than an workplace area with the identical sq. footage using LED lighting. This knowledge is essential for choosing appropriately sized wiring, circuit breakers, and distribution panels.
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Lighting Controls and Working Hours
Lighting controls, reminiscent of occupancy sensors, daylight harvesting methods, and timers, considerably affect lighting masses. These controls cut back vitality consumption by mechanically adjusting lighting ranges primarily based on occupancy or out there daylight. Incorporating these management methods into the load calculation requires cautious consideration of their affect on working hours and general vitality demand. For instance, an workplace constructing with occupancy sensors in particular person places of work will seemingly have a decrease lighting load than the same constructing with out these controls, because the lights is not going to be repeatedly working in unoccupied areas. Precisely factoring in these controls ensures a practical load calculation, optimizing system design and minimizing vitality waste.
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Lighting Load Calculations per NEC
The Nationwide Electrical Code (NEC) gives particular pointers for calculating lighting masses in industrial buildings. These pointers typically contain utilizing a unit load calculation primarily based on sq. footage, with changes for particular occupancy sorts and lighting management methods. Adhering to NEC necessities ensures compliance with security requirements and finest practices. For example, the NEC specifies completely different unit load values for workplace areas, retail shops, and industrial services, reflecting the various lighting necessities of those completely different occupancy sorts. Strict adherence to NEC pointers is essential for designing secure and compliant electrical methods.
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Influence on Total Electrical System Design
Precisely calculated lighting masses instantly affect the general electrical system design. These masses contribute considerably to the overall constructing demand, affecting service entrance capability, transformer sizing, and distribution panel configurations. An underestimation of lighting masses can result in overloaded circuits and potential security hazards, whereas an overestimation may end up in unnecessarily massive and dear electrical infrastructure. Subsequently, exact lighting load calculations are important for optimizing system design, making certain security, and minimizing undertaking prices. This cautious consideration of lighting masses ensures {the electrical} system successfully helps the meant lighting design whereas adhering to security and effectivity requirements.
Correct calculation of lighting masses is integral to a complete industrial electrical load calculation worksheet. This course of ensures {the electrical} system is appropriately sized to deal with the anticipated lighting demand, selling security, effectivity, and code compliance. Moreover, cautious consideration of lighting masses contributes to sustainable constructing practices by minimizing vitality waste and optimizing useful resource utilization. This holistic strategy to lighting load calculation advantages each constructing homeowners and the setting.
6. HVAC Masses
HVAC (Heating, Air flow, and Air Conditioning) methods usually represent a considerable portion of a industrial constructing’s whole electrical demand. Consequently, correct evaluation of HVAC masses is essential for a complete industrial electrical load calculation worksheet. These masses instantly affect the sizing {of electrical} service entrances, distribution panels, department circuits, and overcurrent safety units. An intensive understanding of HVAC system energy necessities is crucial for making certain {the electrical} infrastructure can reliably assist these methods with out risking overloads or system failures. The connection between HVAC masses and the general electrical load calculation is a basic side {of electrical} system design for industrial buildings. For example, a big workplace constructing with a posh HVAC system, together with a number of air dealing with models, chillers, and rooftop models, may have considerably increased HVAC masses in comparison with a small retail retailer with a single packaged HVAC unit. This distinction instantly impacts the required electrical service capability and infrastructure.
A number of elements contribute to the complexity of HVAC load calculations. These embody the kind of HVAC system (e.g., warmth pumps, variable refrigerant stream methods), the constructing’s local weather zone, the extent of insulation, and the anticipated occupancy patterns. Detailed evaluation of those elements is crucial for precisely estimating HVAC vitality consumption. Furthermore, integrating energy-efficient design methods, reminiscent of variable-speed drives and economizers, can considerably affect HVAC masses and ought to be thought of throughout the load calculation. Precisely figuring out these masses is essential for not solely making certain system performance and reliability but additionally for optimizing vitality effectivity and minimizing operational prices. For instance, a hospital with essential HVAC necessities for working rooms and affected person care areas should guarantee {the electrical} system can reliably assist these masses underneath all working situations. This necessitates cautious consideration of redundancy and backup energy methods along with correct load calculations.
Precisely calculating HVAC masses inside a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet is essential for a number of causes. It ensures {the electrical} system can adequately assist the HVAC system’s operation, stopping disruptions and making certain occupant consolation. Moreover, correct load calculations contribute to optimized system design, minimizing upfront infrastructure prices and long-term vitality consumption. Challenges come up when coping with advanced HVAC methods or buildings with distinctive operational necessities. Addressing these challenges typically necessitates detailed vitality modeling and collaboration between HVAC engineers and electrical engineers. In the end, the exact willpower of HVAC masses ensures a strong and environment friendly electrical system able to reliably supporting the constructing’s local weather management wants whereas adhering to security requirements and vitality effectivity targets. This instantly impacts the constructing’s general efficiency and sustainability.
7. Complete Calculated Load
The “Complete Calculated Load” represents the end result of a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet. This significant determine signifies the overall anticipated energy demand of a constructing, encompassing all related electrical tools and methods. Its correct willpower is paramount for informing essential choices relating to electrical system design, tools sizing, and compliance with security rules. Understanding the elements and implications of the overall calculated load is crucial for all stakeholders concerned in industrial constructing tasks.
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Part Masses
The whole calculated load is just not a monolithic entity however quite an combination of varied particular person masses. These embody lighting masses, HVAC masses, energy masses (tools, home equipment, equipment), and different specialised masses, reminiscent of knowledge middle tools or industrial processes. Every element load is calculated individually, contemplating elements like wattage, utilization elements, and demand elements. For instance, the lighting load for a big workplace constructing would possibly take into account the wattage of every fixture, the working hours, and the affect of lighting controls. Equally, the HVAC load would account for the facility consumption of air dealing with models, chillers, and different HVAC tools. Precisely calculating these particular person masses is key to figuring out a exact whole calculated load.
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Service Entrance Capability
The whole calculated load instantly dictates the required capability of {the electrical} service entrance. This service entrance, the purpose the place the utility energy connects to the constructing’s electrical system, have to be adequately sized to deal with the anticipated peak demand. Underestimating the overall calculated load can result in an undersized service entrance, leading to overloaded circuits, voltage drops, and potential system failures. Conversely, overestimating the load can result in unnecessarily massive and dear service entrance tools. The whole calculated load gives the essential info wanted to pick out the suitable service entrance capability, making certain secure and dependable energy supply to the constructing.
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Department Circuit and Panelboard Sizing
The whole calculated load influences the sizing of department circuits and panelboards all through {the electrical} distribution system. Department circuits, the person wiring connections that provide energy to particular shops and units, have to be sized to deal with the related load with out exceeding their ampacity limits. Equally, panelboards, which home circuit breakers and distribute energy to varied department circuits, have to be sized to accommodate the cumulative load of the circuits they serve. The whole calculated load informs these sizing choices, making certain all the electrical system is correctly balanced and able to dealing with the anticipated energy calls for.
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Code Compliance and Security
Compliance with electrical codes and security rules is paramount in industrial constructing tasks. The whole calculated load performs a essential function in demonstrating code compliance. Electrical codes, such because the Nationwide Electrical Code (NEC), present particular pointers for calculating masses and sizing electrical methods. The whole calculated load serves as a benchmark towards these code necessities, making certain {the electrical} system meets security requirements and minimizes the danger {of electrical} hazards. Correct load calculations and adherence to code necessities are important for safeguarding constructing occupants and tools.
In conclusion, the overall calculated load derived from a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet serves because the cornerstone {of electrical} system design. It informs essential choices relating to service entrance capability, department circuit and panelboard sizing, and ensures compliance with security rules. Correct willpower of this worth is essential for making a secure, dependable, and environment friendly electrical system able to assembly the constructing’s energy calls for whereas adhering to business finest practices and regulatory necessities. The whole calculated load in the end represents a dedication to security, effectivity, and accountable useful resource administration in industrial constructing tasks.
Steadily Requested Questions
This part addresses widespread inquiries relating to industrial electrical load calculations, offering readability on key ideas and sensible issues.
Query 1: What’s the function of a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet?
A industrial electrical load calculation worksheet systematically determines the overall energy demand of a constructing. This info is essential for sizing electrical service entrances, transformers, panels, and wiring, making certain the system safely and reliably handles the anticipated load.
Query 2: How do native electrical codes affect load calculations?
Native electrical codes, typically primarily based on the Nationwide Electrical Code (NEC), dictate particular necessities for load calculations. These codes prescribe strategies, demand elements, and security margins that have to be adhered to for compliance. Staying present with native code revisions is essential for correct and compliant calculations.
Query 3: What are the implications of an inaccurate load calculation?
An underestimated load calculation can result in an undersized electrical system, leading to overloaded circuits, tripped breakers, voltage drops, tools injury, and potential hearth hazards. An overestimated calculation can result in unnecessarily massive and dear electrical infrastructure.
Query 4: What function do occupancy sorts play in load calculations?
Completely different occupancy sorts, reminiscent of places of work, retail shops, or industrial services, have various electrical demand traits. Electrical codes typically specify completely different unit load values or demand elements primarily based on occupancy sort, reflecting the distinctive energy necessities of every class.
Query 5: How does future growth planning affect load calculations?
Anticipating future growth or modifications in constructing utilization is essential in the course of the load calculation course of. Together with a provision for future masses ensures {the electrical} system can accommodate development with out requiring expensive upgrades or modifications later.
Query 6: When ought to a certified electrician be consulted for load calculations?
Consulting a certified electrician is very really useful for all industrial electrical load calculations. Their experience ensures code compliance, correct calculations, and acceptable system design, mitigating potential security dangers and making certain the long-term reliability of {the electrical} system.
Correct load calculations are basic for secure and environment friendly electrical system design. Understanding the important thing ideas and consulting related codes and professionals are important for profitable undertaking outcomes.
For additional info relating to industrial electrical methods and finest practices, discover the assets out there by means of skilled electrical engineering organizations and regulatory our bodies. Staying knowledgeable about present codes and developments in electrical system design is essential for making certain optimum efficiency, security, and compliance.
Suggestions for Efficient Use of Industrial Electrical Load Calculation Worksheets
Correct and complete load calculations are essential for secure and environment friendly electrical system design in industrial buildings. The next ideas present sensible steering for successfully using these worksheets.
Tip 1: Meticulous Tools Stock
Completely doc each electrical machine, together with wattage, voltage, and anticipated working hours. Overlooking even small units can result in inaccuracies within the whole calculated load.
Tip 2: Correct Wattage Dedication
Seek the advice of producer specs or make the most of dependable on-line assets to acquire exact wattage info for each bit of kit. Correct wattage knowledge is key for proper load calculations.
Tip 3: Lifelike Utilization Elements
Assign life like utilization elements primarily based on anticipated working patterns. Take into account elements reminiscent of working hours, obligation cycles, and potential peak demand durations. Lifelike utilization elements contribute to a extra correct load evaluation.
Tip 4: Acceptable Demand Elements
Apply acceptable demand elements primarily based on the Nationwide Electrical Code (NEC) and native rules. Demand elements account for the range {of electrical} masses inside a constructing, stopping oversizing of {the electrical} system.
Tip 5: Detailed Lighting Load Evaluation
Rigorously calculate lighting masses, contemplating luminaire wattage, amount, working hours, and the affect of lighting controls. Correct lighting load calculations are important for vitality effectivity and code compliance.
Tip 6: Complete HVAC Load Evaluation
Completely assess HVAC masses, contemplating system sort, constructing traits, and local weather zone. HVAC methods typically signify a good portion of the overall electrical load, requiring detailed evaluation.
Tip 7: Allowance for Future Enlargement
Incorporate an inexpensive allowance for future electrical load development. This forward-thinking strategy prevents expensive system upgrades or modifications later.
Tip 8: Skilled Session
Interact certified electrical engineers for advanced load calculations and system design. Skilled experience ensures code compliance, correct calculations, and optimum system efficiency.
Adhering to those ideas contributes to correct, complete, and code-compliant load calculations, forming the premise for secure, dependable, and environment friendly electrical methods in industrial buildings. Correct load calculations are an funding in long-term operational reliability and cost-effectiveness.
By following these pointers and using a structured worksheet strategy, the method turns into extra manageable and clear, selling knowledgeable decision-making and profitable undertaking outcomes.
Conclusion
Correct completion of a industrial electrical load calculation worksheet is paramount for the secure, environment friendly, and compliant design {of electrical} methods in industrial buildings. This meticulous course of includes a complete stock of all electrical tools, exact willpower of energy necessities, and the applying of acceptable utilization and demand elements. Moreover, detailed evaluation of lighting and HVAC masses is crucial for a holistic understanding of a constructing’s electrical demand. The ensuing whole calculated load informs essential choices relating to service entrance capability, department circuit and panelboard sizing, and general system design. Adherence to established methodologies, related electrical codes, {and professional} session ensures the accuracy and reliability of those calculations.
The importance of a correctly executed industrial electrical load calculation extends past mere compliance. It varieties the inspiration for a strong and environment friendly electrical system, minimizing the danger of overloads, making certain tools performance, and selling vitality effectivity. Funding in a radical and correct load calculation course of interprets to long-term operational reliability, value financial savings, and enhanced security for constructing occupants. As know-how evolves and constructing design turns into more and more advanced, the significance of exact and complete electrical load calculations will solely proceed to develop.
